US Quick Ref

Ref values

	Reference Range
KUB
Urinary Bladder (wall)	< 0.8 cm (Collapse) < 0.4 cm (Distend)
Residual Urine	< 100 ml
Repro
Uterus	Size < 5 x 4 x 8 cm (AP x TV x Long) ETT < 1.5 cm < 0.5 cm (post-menstrual)
Prostate	< 25 ml (Normal) 25 - 40 ml (Prominent) > 40 ml (BPH)
HBP
Liver	Span 15 - 17 cm (sagital, at MCL)
Gallbladder	Long = 9 - 11 cm TV < 4 cm Wall thickness < 3 mm
CBD	< 0.6 cm (< 0.9 for post-cholecystectomy) Age > 60 yrs can dilate 0.1 cm / 10 yrs
Pancreas	Main pancreatic duct diameter < 3 mm.
Vessel
Veins	Splenic v. < 11 mm SMV < 12 mm Portal v. < 13 mm
Aorta	Normal < 2.5 cm (Upper) < 2 cm (Lower) Abnormal 2.5 - 3 cm (Ectasia) > 3 cm (Aneurysm)

Kidneys	Normal Long < 10 - 12 cm Cortical thickness > 1 cm Abnormal Long < 8 cm (kidney disease)
Spleen	< 12 cm (Normal) 12 - 15 cm (Mild splenomegaly) > 15 cm (Mark splenomegaly)
Thyroid	Size < 3 x 2 x 6 cm ?? (AP x TV x Long) Cervical LN minimal axial diameter < 1 cm oval shape (axis–to–long axis ratio [S/L] < 0.5)
AP = Anteroposterior, TV = Transverse, Long = Longitudinal

Reference

Approximated formular:

$\begin{matrix} (1) & 0.5 \times D_{1} \times D_{2} \times D_{3} \end{matrix}$

Equation 1, where $D_{1}$ , $D_{2}$ , $D_{3}$ are diameter along 3 perpendicular axis.

Full formular:

$\begin{matrix} (2) & \frac{4}{3} π \times r_{1} \times r_{2} \times r_{3} \end{matrix}$

Equation 2, where $r_{1}$ , $r_{2}$ , $r_{3}$ are radius along 3 perpendicular axis.

[1]

B. Block, Abdominal ultrasound: Step by step, 3rd edition, Thieme, Stuttgart New York Delhi Rio de Janeiro, 2016.